Math Fast Facts
Math 6 Fast Facts
1. The measures of central tendency are: range, mean, median, mode.
2. The mode is the number that occurs most often in the data.
3. The mean is the average of a group of numbers.
4. To find the mean (or the average), add the numbers in the set and divide by the number of numbers in the set.
5. The median is the middle number when the data are listed in order from least to greatest.
6. When finding the median, if there are two middle numbers, find the average of the two numbers.
7. The range is the difference between the maximum and minimum numbers in a set of data.
8. The sum is the answer to an addition problem.
9. The difference is the answer to a subtraction problem.
10. The product is the answer to a multiplication problem.
11. The quotient is the answer to a division problem.
12. Addition and subtraction are inverse operations. Multiplication and division are inverse operations.
13. Order of operations: (Please Excuse My Dear Aunt Sally’s Last Remarks) stands for: Parentheses, Exponents, Multiplication/Division, Add/Subtract, Left to Right
14. A factor is one of two or more numbers that are multiplied to get a product.
15. A prime number is a whole number that has exactly two factors: one and itself.
16. The first 10 prime numbers are: 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29
17. A composite number is a whole number with more than 2 factors.
18. Zero and one (0 and 1) are neither prime nor composite.
19. A fraction bar means to divide.
20. Percent means “out of 100”.
21. To convert a fraction to a decimal, divide the numerator by the denominator
22. To convert a decimal to a fraction, write the fraction like you would say the decimal
23. To convert a decimal to a percent, move the decimal 2 places to the right and add a % sign.
24. To convert a percent to a decimal, move the decimal 2 places to the left and drop the % sign.
25. Ratio is the comparison of two quantities.
26. You can compare with ratio 3 ways: part to part; part to whole; and whole to part
27. The three ways to write a ratio are: a/b, a to b, a : b.
28. One foot = 12 inches
29. One yard = 3 feet
30. One yard = 36 inches
31. One mile = 5280 feet
32. One gallon = 4 quarts
33. One quart = 2 pints
34. One pint = 2 cups
35. One cup = 8 fluid ounces
36. One ton = 2000 pounds (lbs.)
37. One pound (lb.) = 16 ounces
38. One kilometer is slightly farther than half a mile.
39. One meter is a little longer than a yard.
40. One inch is about 2.5 centimeters.
41. One foot is about 30 centimeters
42. One quart is a little less than one liter.
43. One ounce is about 28 grams.
44. One liter is a little more than 1 quart.
45. One kilogram is a little more than 2 pounds.
1. The measures of central tendency are: range, mean, median, mode.
2. The mode is the number that occurs most often in the data.
3. The mean is the average of a group of numbers.
4. To find the mean (or the average), add the numbers in the set and divide by the number of numbers in the set.
5. The median is the middle number when the data are listed in order from least to greatest.
6. When finding the median, if there are two middle numbers, find the average of the two numbers.
7. The range is the difference between the maximum and minimum numbers in a set of data.
8. The sum is the answer to an addition problem.
9. The difference is the answer to a subtraction problem.
10. The product is the answer to a multiplication problem.
11. The quotient is the answer to a division problem.
12. Addition and subtraction are inverse operations. Multiplication and division are inverse operations.
13. Order of operations: (Please Excuse My Dear Aunt Sally’s Last Remarks) stands for: Parentheses, Exponents, Multiplication/Division, Add/Subtract, Left to Right
14. A factor is one of two or more numbers that are multiplied to get a product.
15. A prime number is a whole number that has exactly two factors: one and itself.
16. The first 10 prime numbers are: 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29
17. A composite number is a whole number with more than 2 factors.
18. Zero and one (0 and 1) are neither prime nor composite.
19. A fraction bar means to divide.
20. Percent means “out of 100”.
21. To convert a fraction to a decimal, divide the numerator by the denominator
22. To convert a decimal to a fraction, write the fraction like you would say the decimal
23. To convert a decimal to a percent, move the decimal 2 places to the right and add a % sign.
24. To convert a percent to a decimal, move the decimal 2 places to the left and drop the % sign.
25. Ratio is the comparison of two quantities.
26. You can compare with ratio 3 ways: part to part; part to whole; and whole to part
27. The three ways to write a ratio are: a/b, a to b, a : b.
28. One foot = 12 inches
29. One yard = 3 feet
30. One yard = 36 inches
31. One mile = 5280 feet
32. One gallon = 4 quarts
33. One quart = 2 pints
34. One pint = 2 cups
35. One cup = 8 fluid ounces
36. One ton = 2000 pounds (lbs.)
37. One pound (lb.) = 16 ounces
38. One kilometer is slightly farther than half a mile.
39. One meter is a little longer than a yard.
40. One inch is about 2.5 centimeters.
41. One foot is about 30 centimeters
42. One quart is a little less than one liter.
43. One ounce is about 28 grams.
44. One liter is a little more than 1 quart.
45. One kilogram is a little more than 2 pounds.
46. Perimeter is the distance around a closed plane figure.
47. Circumference is the distance around a circle.
48. Area is the inside measurement of a closed figure.
49. Volume is the amount of space inside a three-dimensional
object.
50. Surface area is the measure of the surface of a three-
dimensional object.
51. Diameter is a line segment that passes through the center
of a circle and has end points on the circle.
52. Radius is a line segment from the center of a circle to any
point on the circle.
53. Pi is approximately equal to 22/7 or 3.14 and is the ratio of
circumference divided by diameter.
54. Perimeter and Circumference are always represented in
single units. (Example: 36 ft )
55. Area and surface area are always represented in square
units. (Example: 45m2 )
56. Volume is always represented in cubic units. (Ex: 206cm3 )
57. A right angle measures 90o.
58. An acute angle measures less than 90 o.
59. An obtuse angle measures greater than 90 o.
60. A straight angle measures 180 o.
61. A reflex angle measures between 181 o and 359.
62. Congruent means exactly the same size and shape.
63. A scalene triangle has no congruent sides.
64. An isosceles triangle has two congruent sides.
65. An equilateral triangle has three congruent sides.
66. An acute triangle has three acute angles.
67. An obtuse triangle has 1 obtuse angle and 2 acute angles.
68. A right triangle has 1 right angle and 2 acute angles.
69. A polygon is any closed figure constructed from line segments.
70. A quadrilateral is any four-sided polygon.
71. There are 6 named quadrilaterals: square, rectangle,
rhombus, parallelogram, trapezoid, and kite.
72. Solid figures include prisms, pyramids, cones, and cylinders.
73. A line graph or broken line graph shows change over time.
74. A bar graph is used to compare data.
75. A circle graph is used to show relationships between parts
and the whole.
76. A line plot displays data using “x” above a line to show frequency.
77. A step graph shows how rates or intervals change up or down.
78. Graphs need a title, key, scale, axis labels and data.
79. Stem-and-leaf plots organize data in consecutive order.
80. Box-and-whisker plots shows how data clusters around the median.
81. An equation is a mathematical sentence showing that two
expressions are equal. (Ex: 5y + 13 = 28)
82. An inequality is a mathematical sentence using , , , , or
that shows two expressions are not equal. (Ex: 3 + 13 22)
83. An expression is a group of mathematical numbers and
symbols that represents a number. (Ex: 45 -- xy2)
84. A variable is a letter that represents an unknown number.
85. A coefficient is the number in front of a variable. (Ex: 12m)
86. A term is a number or variable in an expression or equation.
87. An exponent (the small raised number) tells you how many
times to multiply the base (the big number) times itself. (42 = 44)
88. When the exponent is 0, the value is always 1. (50 = 1)
89. When the base number is 10, the exponent tells you
how many 0’s to place after the one. (105 = 100,000)
90. Probability is the chance of an event occurring and is a
ratio between 0 and 1. It is often written as a fraction.
91. Scientific notation shows very large or small numbers
( 3.45 108 = 345,000,000 or 7.6 10-5 = 0.000076)
47. Circumference is the distance around a circle.
48. Area is the inside measurement of a closed figure.
49. Volume is the amount of space inside a three-dimensional
object.
50. Surface area is the measure of the surface of a three-
dimensional object.
51. Diameter is a line segment that passes through the center
of a circle and has end points on the circle.
52. Radius is a line segment from the center of a circle to any
point on the circle.
53. Pi is approximately equal to 22/7 or 3.14 and is the ratio of
circumference divided by diameter.
54. Perimeter and Circumference are always represented in
single units. (Example: 36 ft )
55. Area and surface area are always represented in square
units. (Example: 45m2 )
56. Volume is always represented in cubic units. (Ex: 206cm3 )
57. A right angle measures 90o.
58. An acute angle measures less than 90 o.
59. An obtuse angle measures greater than 90 o.
60. A straight angle measures 180 o.
61. A reflex angle measures between 181 o and 359.
62. Congruent means exactly the same size and shape.
63. A scalene triangle has no congruent sides.
64. An isosceles triangle has two congruent sides.
65. An equilateral triangle has three congruent sides.
66. An acute triangle has three acute angles.
67. An obtuse triangle has 1 obtuse angle and 2 acute angles.
68. A right triangle has 1 right angle and 2 acute angles.
69. A polygon is any closed figure constructed from line segments.
70. A quadrilateral is any four-sided polygon.
71. There are 6 named quadrilaterals: square, rectangle,
rhombus, parallelogram, trapezoid, and kite.
72. Solid figures include prisms, pyramids, cones, and cylinders.
73. A line graph or broken line graph shows change over time.
74. A bar graph is used to compare data.
75. A circle graph is used to show relationships between parts
and the whole.
76. A line plot displays data using “x” above a line to show frequency.
77. A step graph shows how rates or intervals change up or down.
78. Graphs need a title, key, scale, axis labels and data.
79. Stem-and-leaf plots organize data in consecutive order.
80. Box-and-whisker plots shows how data clusters around the median.
81. An equation is a mathematical sentence showing that two
expressions are equal. (Ex: 5y + 13 = 28)
82. An inequality is a mathematical sentence using , , , , or
that shows two expressions are not equal. (Ex: 3 + 13 22)
83. An expression is a group of mathematical numbers and
symbols that represents a number. (Ex: 45 -- xy2)
84. A variable is a letter that represents an unknown number.
85. A coefficient is the number in front of a variable. (Ex: 12m)
86. A term is a number or variable in an expression or equation.
87. An exponent (the small raised number) tells you how many
times to multiply the base (the big number) times itself. (42 = 44)
88. When the exponent is 0, the value is always 1. (50 = 1)
89. When the base number is 10, the exponent tells you
how many 0’s to place after the one. (105 = 100,000)
90. Probability is the chance of an event occurring and is a
ratio between 0 and 1. It is often written as a fraction.
91. Scientific notation shows very large or small numbers
( 3.45 108 = 345,000,000 or 7.6 10-5 = 0.000076)
